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2025年3月1日「モバイル英語学習」第868号 (英語のエッセイ): Secrets of the Ancient Underground City

Notes:
storage – 保管, 収納;
stables – 厩舎, 馬小屋;
shaft – 軸, 柄, 通風孔, 縦穴;
torch – 松明, 懐中電灯；
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A man in Turkey discovered an ancient underground city called Derinkuyu. This 2,000-year-old city could hold more than 20,000 people and is connected to over 200 smaller underground cities through tunnels.

The city has two levels. The upper level was used for storage, stables, and keeping the area warm. The lower level had homes, meeting rooms, and a school.

Derinkuyu is famous for its advanced air and water systems. Over 50 shafts brought fresh air throughout the city, but living conditions were still difficult. People lived in small spaces and used torches for light.

The city was forgotten after Christians left the area in 1923. It was rediscovered in 1963 when a man found a hidden tunnel while chasing his chickens. Today, Derinkuyu is a symbol of the impressive engineering and survival skills of ancient people.
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2024年3月10日「モバイル英語学習」第822号 (英語のエッセイ): Gaius Julius Caesar

Notes
Gaius Julius Caesar ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル（ラテン語: Gaius Iulius Caesar、紀元前130年頃 – 紀元前85年）は、共和政ローマの政務官;
alliance 同盟;
assassinate 暗殺する;
heir 相続人;

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Gaius Julius Caesar, born on July 12, 100 BC, was a key figure in Roman history. He was a famous general, leader, and writer. Caesar became well-known because of his military skills, especially during the Gallic Wars where he expanded Rome’s territory.

In politics, Caesar, along with Pompey and Crassus, formed the First Triumvirate in 60 BC. This alliance allowed them to control Roman politics. However, conflicts between Caesar and Pompey led to a civil war. Caesar won and became the ruler of Rome.

As a leader, Caesar made many changes. He created the Julian calendar and gave Roman citizenship to many people. His growing power made him many enemies, and on March 15, 44 BC, he was assassinated. This event led to more civil wars and eventually to the Roman Empire under his adopted heir, Octavian (later known as Augustus).

Caesar’s influence is still felt today in many areas like military, politics, and culture. You can read more about his life and legacy on his Wikipedia page.
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